To identify vintage furniture, look for characteristics that suggest hand craftsmanship, specific wood types, unique joinery techniques, and original hardware or markings. Also, consider the design elements and construction techniques of the period in which the furniture was made.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

1. Look for Maker's Marks and Labels:

Location:
Search for stamps, labels, or tags underneath the piece, on the back, or inside drawers.

Authenticity:
If a label is found, look for signs of aging, as reproductions might have mass-produced tags.

Information:
These marks can reveal the maker, location, and potentially the year of manufacture.

2. Examine Construction:

Joinery:
Look for hand-cut dovetail joints, mortise and tenon joints, or dowel construction, which are indicators of older, well-made furniture.
Handmade vs. Machine-made:
Dovetail joints in drawers are a good indicator of handmade furniture, while machine-made drawers might have evenly spaced trapezoids.

Wood Types and Finishes:
Different eras favored specific wood types (e.g., teak and walnut for Mid-Century Modern, mahogany for Victorian). Also, the finish on the wood can offer clues about the age (e.g., shellac before the mid-1800s).

3. Consider Design Elements and Hardware:

Original Hardware: Look for brass handles, hinges, or knobs, which were often more intricate in the past.

Proportions and Silhouettes: Each vintage style has its own characteristic proportions and silhouettes.

Specific Design Elements: For example, clean lines and geometric shapes are typical of Mid-Century Modern.

4. Understand Upholstery and Details:

Upholstery Styles: Upholstery can provide clues about the era of the piece.
Proportion: Check for proportionate parts; mismatched parts might indicate a "marriage" piece (parts from different pieces).